SQL Clustering for High Availability

SQL Clustering for High Availability Consulting Services

The Microsoft SQL Server 2000 High Availability Series helps you plan and deploy a highly available data center that uses Microsoft SQL Server 2000. If you are a consultant, designer, or systems engineer involved in designing and deploying a SQL Server 2000 high-availability data center, this series is for you. Component failure, power outages, user errors, application memory leaks, and other circumstances can make a data center unavailable. To increase the availability of a data center, you must develop and follow procedures to prepare for and minimize the impact of downtime. You must also perform regular backups to prepare for catastrophic disasters and database corruption. You can prevent component failures from causing the unavailability of a data center by deploying redundant components. You can minimize the time a data center is unavailable due to server failures and planned maintenance by using redundant servers.   

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Understanding High Availability

In the context of this series, high availability means increasing the availability of the data center itself. You increase the availability of a data center by:

• Developing and following well-documented procedures
• Ensuring the ability to recover from any type of disaster
• Avoiding downtime and the need for restoration by using component and server redundancy
• Minimizing how long data is unavailable after an accident or emergency
• Providing the ability to sustain operations during a recovery period after an accident or emergency
• Avoiding system downtime caused by planned maintenance

Even if you ensure the actual availability of the data center, users may perceive the data center as unavailable when they cannot access it. Some reasons users may not be able to access the data center are improper application design, inadequate security, network failures, and DNS problems. Although this series identifies these issues as barriers to high availability, resolving these issues is beyond the scope of this series.

   

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What High Availability means to you

The ideal data center availability is 24 x 7 x 365 availability, or 100-percent availability. The percentage of uptime you should strive for is some variation of 99.x percent— with an ultimate goal of five nines, or 99.999 percent. Three nines (99.9 percent) is an achievable level of availability using a single data-center server. Achieving five nines (99.999 percent) is unrealistic for a single data-center server because this level of availability permits only about five total minutes of downtime in a calendar year. Four nines (99.99 percent) is achievable, however, by using fault resilient clusters with automatic failover. Five nines is achievable using advanced fault tolerant computers. This guide addresses the steps required to achieve these levels of availability, including the prerequisites to these technology solutions.

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